Margaret Adamek
- Ph.D., MSW
- Director of Ph.D. Program/ Professor
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IU Indianapolis
Contact
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(317) 274-6730
- madamek@iu.edu
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ES 4138H
902 West New York Street
About
Dr. Margaret Adamek is the Director of the PhD Program at the Indiana University School of Social Work and Editor of the first open access online social work journal, Advances in Social Work. Dr. Adamek was a Fulbright Scholar in Ethiopia in 2012-2013 and serves as a Visiting Professor at Addis Ababa University and the University of Gondar in Ethiopia. She is a founding board member of the Indiana Chapter of the Fulbright Association.
Education
PhD
Emphasis/Major: Gerontology1989 - Case Western Reserve University
Dissertation: Perceived Helpfulness of Cash Assistance as a Means of Supporting Informal Caregivers
Graduate Certificate in Gerontology
Emphasis/Major: Aging & Health1986 - Case Western Reserve University
MSW
Emphasis/Major: Gerontology1983 - Washington University
BS
Emphasis/Major: Social Work1982 - University of Dayton
Research Interests
Global aging, aging in sub-Saharan Africa, Teaching scholarly writing
Teaching Interests
Scholarly writing, Doctoral Seminar, Aging
Awards and Honors
- 2021 Jim Hall Mentoring Award
2021 - IUSSW PhD students - Most Valuable Professor (MVP) Award
2015 - IUSSW PhD students
Publications
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Alebel, A. S., Bihonegn, A. A., & Adamek, M. E. (2024). “It’s a period of constant loss:” Perspectives of aging among older adults in Gondar city, Ethiopia. Journal of Social Work and Human Rights. Published. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-024-00319-x
Despite the aging of the population in Ethiopia, little scholarly attention has highlighted the day-to-day experiences of older adults living in community settings. Without a clear understanding of older adults’ lived experiences, little or no government attention is given to older adults’ unmet needs. The purpose of this study was to understand the social and economic context of older adults living in northwest Ethiopia from the perspective of older adults themselves. A phenomenological approach was used to explore the lived experiences of ten purposively selected older adults in Gondar city in northwest Ethiopia. Narrative data from in-depth interviews were analyzed thematically revealing six challenges faced by older adults: fading social networks, widowhood as double jeopardy, a weak social protection system, intractable poverty, being victims of ageism, and inaccessible health care. Based on these findings, we recommend the establishment of a national level office on aging to raise awareness of the multiple challenges of older people and to advocate for social welfare and health policy and services oriented to the needs of the older population. The severe poverty of older adults can be mitigated by the Ethiopian government committing to social protection as a basic human right. In addition to social protection, other economic strengthening programs such as pensions and micro-loans can help to alleviate older adults’ poverty and improve their overall health and well-being. Large-scale quantitative studies are needed to validate our conclusion that the lack of basic institutional social welfare infringes on the human rights of older adults in Ethiopia.
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Adamek, M. E., Kotecho, M. G., & Teshome, A. Z. (2024). Promoting the Well-being of Older People in Ethiopia: Lost Opportunities due to the Poverty of Policy. Innovations in Aging, 8(4), 1-8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad120
The world’s population is aging with the fastest growth in the older population projected to take place in Africa. In this article we present the challenges of the growing older population in Ethiopia, outline some key changes that are needed to address those challenges, and consider the opportunities that can come about when older adults’ basic needs are met and they are supported in contributing to their communities. Older adults in Ethiopia are faced with multidimensional challenges that call for collaborative efforts from different stakeholders at local, regional, and national levels. However, some measures should be given the utmost priority: combating negative attitudes towards older people, strengthening geriatric/gerontology and social work education and research, and developing aging-specific policies and services. While the challenges faced by older adults in Ethiopia seem like a problem of aging compounded by poverty, the root source of the problem is a poverty of policy fueled by ageism. If income support and appropriate health care was provided to older adults throughout Ethiopia, health and well-being in late life would improve, food and housing insecurity among older adults would lessen, and all Ethiopians could anticipate a dignified late life.
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Grace, K., David, L. K., Huber, L., Adamek, M. E., & Omodior, O. (2024). An application of a Reasoned Action Approach to clinical students’ intention toward a career in geriatrics. Nursing and Health Sciences. Published. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.13076
Guided by the reasoned action approach, this study examined select individual, information, and social factors that influence intention toward pursuing a career in geriatrics among 314 clinical medical and nursing students in Ghana. A Poisson regression showed attitude toward older persons was a significant influencing factor of intention to choose a career in geriatrics for medical students (B = 0.015, SE = 0.0048, p = 0.002) but not nursing students (B = 0.009, SE = 0.0145, p = 0.512). Personal interest was, however, a significant influencing factor for both medical and nursing students (B = 0.462, SE = 0.0592, p = 0.000) and (B = 0.015, SE = 0.0048, p = 0.002), respectively. Nursing students with moderate to strong interest were 1.6 times more likely to express an intention to specialize in geriatrics, and medical students were 1.5 times more likely to express an intention to specialize in geriatrics. The results show that the most important factor influencing geriatric career intention is students’ personal interest in the field. Evidence-based interventions such as early educational and practice exposure to the field and interactions with older adults are recommended.
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Yi, G., Adamek, M. E., Hong, M., & Lu, Y. Y.-F. (2023). The impact of online and offline social support on the mental health of carers of persons with cognitive impairments. Journal of Gerontological Social Work. Published. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2023.2191126
The carers of persons with cognitive impairments, including Alzheimer’s have migrated to online platforms to seek help, yet studies on the use of online social support within the context of caregiving are underdeveloped. Guided by the social support theory, we examined the association of online and offline social support with depression and anxiety in the United States. Using a subsample from the 2017 and 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey (n = 264), we conducted ordered logistic regression to test mediation and moderation effects, which revealed that only offline, not online social support had a direct association with carers’ mental health. In the moderation model, online social support interacted with life stressors, while offline social support interacted with caregiving burden. Findings are supported using a hybrid model that combines online and offline social support to improve carers’ mental health.
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Zelalem, A., Adamek, M. E., & Kotecho, . (2022). Barriers to active aging in rural Ethiopia: A Call for a Paradigm Shift to a Rights-Based Approach. Journal of Aging & Social Policy. Published. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2022.2139988
Despite historical veneration of elders, older adults are increasingly viewed as a burden in many African nations. Using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, in-depth interviews were conducted to explore the aging experiences of 20 adults aged 70 and older in rural Ethiopia. Themes that emerged from the interviews were analyzed in light of the three pillars of the World Health Organization’s Active Aging Framework: health, security, and participation. Despite facing multiple barriers to active aging including lack of health care, financial hardship, ageism, and social exclusion, study participants were determined not to withdraw from activities in an effort to retain their autonomy, independence, and sense of dignity. Study findings point to the need for policymakers and other concerned bodies to develop supportive policies and programs to promote older adults’ well-being. The study calls for a paradigm shift that involves adopting the WHO’s Active Aging Framework, developing rights-based policies and programs, popularizing active aging, and revitalizing intergenerational solidarity.
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Karikari, G., Lohrmann, D. K., Huber, L., Adamek, M. E., & Omodior, O. (2022). Attitudes of graduating health practitioners toward older persons in Ghana. Indigenous Health Faculty Publications, 1. https://doi.org/https://commons.und.edu/ih-fac/1
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Lessy, Z., Pary, L. K., & Adamek, M. E. (2022). Communication methods for moving from authoritarian to allocative or distributed leadership style emerging in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia, as adopted by a high school principal: A case study. International Journal of Leadership in Education. Published. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2022.2131580
Based on historical use of centralized educational methods, most secondary school principals in Indonesia use an authoritarian approach to leadership. In contrast, this study examined the communication patterns of a principal at ‘SMA Bintang’ high school in Yogyakarta, who used a distributed leadership approach. The principal used a forward-looking approach for enhancing both academics and student organizations. This principal-centered qualitative case study was conducted via in-depth interviews with eight key school actors; namely, the principal, two vice principals, three teachers, one staff member, and the student union head. Results yielded eight themes, revealing that the principal preferred direct and informal communication to establish mutual benefits. The trajectory thus created by the principal’s sharing of duties was examined for its improvement of school achievement. His communicative leadership style with school personnel encouraged co-leadership and co-decision-making, the dispersion of authority, and an embrace of delegated tasks. The principal took steps to promote the value of activity, process, and teamwork. The school thereby has adopted a distributed leadership style, minimizing the more traditional concentration of authority in the hands of the principal, and thus boosting communication among school personnel. We recommend that educators examine the theoretical bases and practical benefits of educational communication and that school principals promote democratic, bottom-up staff and student initiatives to enhance the success of their school.
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Kotecho, M. G., Chane, S., Gebeyaw, G., Zelalem, A., Dawud, M., & Adamek, M. E. (2022). Life is Hard and Getting Harder: The Experience of Aging in Ethiopia. Springer.
Life as an older adult in Ethiopia is difficult and is getting more challenging over time. In the absence of public income support for elders and a dormant national policy on aging, daily life for most older adults in Ethiopia is a struggle. As urbanization, migration, and modernization contribute to changes in family dynamics, a growing number of Ethiopian elders are unable to rely on traditional family support systems. Food insecurity is a major concern among Ethiopia’s older population. Drawing from five primary studies conducted by Ethiopian scholars, this chapter provides an overview of the quality of life of urban elders, the challenges of rural elders, the growing problem of elder abuse and neglect, homelessness among rural-urban migrants, and the need for and challenges of establishing a formal long-term care system. Several recommendations are offered to enhance the life situation of elders in Ethiopia including establishing a national coordinating body to shepherd policy and programmatic efforts on behalf of elders, instituting public income support for elders, and establishing gerontology and geriatrics research and training programs.
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Gebeyaw, G., Kotecho, M. G., & Adamek, M. E. (2021). “Homelessness and health problems are not distinct:” The challenges of rural-urban migrant homeless older people in Ethiopia". Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. Published. https://doi.org/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10823-021-09443-x
Compared with western countries, research on homelessness among older people in developing nations is minimal. Unlike in global north nations that offer income security in late-life, in areas like Sub-Saharan Africa abject poverty contributes to older adults migrating from rural areas to urban centers in search of a means of livelihood. The aim of this study was to explore the challenges faced by homeless older rural-urban migrants in Kobo Town, Ethiopia. This cross-sectional study employed a qualitative descriptive case study. Purposive sampling was used to identify ten older adult migrants who had been homeless for more than a year. Data from in-depth interviews was supplemented with key informant interviews, observation, and document review. The narrative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Study results revealed that homeless elders faced multiple challenges including lack of necessities such as food, shelter, and water, mobility issues, lack of employment access, social exclusion, and psychological struggles. The findings call attention to the need for practical access to social and economic empowerment responses to prevent and curb homelessness among older adults in developing nations.
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Chane, S., & Adamek, M. E. (2021). Profiles of Ethiopian centenarians: A qualitative inquiry. Anthropology and Aging, 42(2), 126-136. https://doi.org/DOI 10.5195/aa.2021.336
As global aging advances, the number of centenarians worldwide is greatly increasing. Most of what is known about centenarians comes from the Global North. It is not clear what factors contribute to longevity of centenarians in impoverished, mostly rural areas of Global South nations that still lack basic amenities. Cultural differences in the profile, lifestyles, and needs of centenarians in Africa have yet to be documented. Using a case study design, this descriptive inquiry investigated the profiles of centenarians in Ethiopia including religion, marriage, education, occupation, income, and living arrangement. Data were generated through in-depth interviews with nine centenarians (1 woman, 8 men) and were analyzed using descriptive narrative analysis. Respondents were between 100 and 108 years old. All nine were adherents of Orthodox Christianity, had been married, and were great-grandparents. Their adult lives were marked by both residential and marital stability. The Ethiopian centenarians persevered through many losses and hardships with the help of strong community-based social networks.. Unlike studies of centenarians in the Global North, most respondents were male and had strict religious upbringings. Understanding the unique profiles of centenarians in the Global South will help to inform research and practice with this growing population of the oldest-old.
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Dawud, M., Kotecho, M. G., & Adamek, M. E. (2021). “It’s all about giving priority to elders:” Challenges of formal caregivers in two old age homes Ethiopia. Ageing International. Published. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-021-09436-8
OBJECTIVES: With a growing population needing long-term care in Ethiopia, this study examined the challenges and needs of formal caregivers at two older adult homes.
METHODS: A qualitative, exploratory design was employed. Purposive sampling was used to identify 14 formal caregivers and 6 key informants who engaged in in-depth interviews.
RESULTS: Formal caregivers assisted elders with personal care, medication administration, and emotional support. As a result of high workloads, long work hours, an absence of training, and minimal compensation, caregivers faced many challenges including managing elders’ difficult behavior, exposure to health hazards, and task burden. The all-encompassing demands of caring for elders in resource-poor environments contributed to negative consequences that spilled over into caregivers’ personal lives.
DISCUSSION: The capacity of formal caregivers to meet the needs of long term care residents in developing nations can be enhanced through training in geriatric care, adequate compensation, and best practices guidelines in eldercare. -
Adamek, M. E., Kotecho, M. G., Chane, S., & Gebeyaw, G. (2021). Challenges and Assets of Elders in Sub-Saharan Africa: Perspectives of Gerontology Scholars. Journal of Aging & Social Policy. Published. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2021.1927614
Life expectancy is increasing globally, with the biggest gains expected in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Using an online survey we investigated the perspectives of gerontology scholars on the challenges of aging in SSA as well as the assets of elders. Respondents (n=72) from 17 countries, primarily in Africa, and representing 16 disciplines, identified the top issues facing SSA elders as: poverty, lack of trained professionals, food insecurity, disability/health issues, and long-term care. Elders’ unique strengths were noted as indigenous knowledge systems, being holders of cultural heritage, and their contributions to development. Respondents’ biggest concerns about elders in SSA were the lack of government attention to aging issues (63%) and a lack of social services targeted to elders’ (57%). Government funding (77.8%) and international partnerships (38.9%) were noted as resources needed to support aging research in SSA. The response or non-response of governments in SSA will determine whether the growing number of elders will increasingly experience unmet needs and whether their assets will be considered in development efforts. Establishing professional networks of gerontology scholars in SSA will help to document the challenges faced by elders, to plan for the coming demographic shift, and to empower elders to thrive as valued community members.
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Ashirifi, G. D., Karikari, G., & Adamek, M. E. (2021). Prioritizing the National Aging Policy in Ghana: Critical Next Steps. Journal of Aging & Social Policy. Published. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2021.1927621
Most developing nations are facing rapid population aging with limited economic and social resources. In Ghana, a National Aging Policy (NAP) was promulgated by the government in 2010 to ensure the well-being of older adults. Since its passage, the NAP has yet to be funded and implemented. To give the NAP needed attention and promote its implementation, a national coordinating body exclusively devoted to older adults is an essential first step. Critical next steps are offered to promote the effective implementation of NAP and to ensure the well-being of older adults in Ghana.
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Yi, G., & Adamek, M. E. (2020). Alzheimer’s caregivers’ experience with and perceptions of the Affordable Care Act: Thematic analysis of online discussion forums . Journal of Applied Gerontology. Published. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464820964088
The objective of this study was to analyze caregivers’ authentic perceptions of and experiences with the Affordable Care Act (ACA). This mixed-methods study identified and analyzed caregivers’ unsolicited posts on a national online forum. Data posted in 2011 to 2017 were collected. The text-mining thematic analysis method was used to code and analyze 514 caregiver posts. Although many caregiver posts about the ACA had a negative tone, perceptions became more positive over time. Three overall themes emerged: (a) concern about cost implications of placement decisions for care recipients, (b) skepticism about government and health care system support of their caregiving roles, and (c) caregivers’ own well-being and concerns about health insurance. Clear and effective communication between policymakers, health professionals, and caregivers is needed to enhance health system literacy. Policymakers, as well as health and social care professionals working with Alzheimer’s patients and their families, should be empowered to develop and support a family-centered service system.
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Lessy, Z., Adamek, M. E., & Khaja, K. (2020). Philanthropic zakat for the disadvantaged: The recipient perspectives from Indonesia. Asian Social Work and Policy Review, 14(3), 138-147. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/aswp.12204
Rumah Zakat, a charitable institution, is a proactive provider of charity, enabling sustainable progress in the lives of needy recipients. This study focused on three forms of philanthropic zakat assistance: economic empowerment, health-care, and tuition-free education. There were 21 participants, seven from each respective cluster. Interviewers were employed to elicit participants’ perspectives. Major findings showed economic empowerment recipients were the poor affected by the earthquake and the monetary crisis. Zakat helped them re-open their businesses. As they grew, most felt satisfied and employed jobless individuals. Recipients of health-care with elementary education had a five-year grant of free health-care and health education. Although the service lowered their expenses, some needed extra help with food. Participants benefitting from either program and reported positive impacts on their income, health, and social lives. Most participants in the tuition-free education were satisfied with their children’s schooling, extra curricular options, and chances for parental involvement in social engagement. Some stated the charitable schools emphasized moral education over science and were concerned about sufficient preparation for future competitive educational levels. Recipients would benefit from the charities if the three programs were offered altogether. This study suggests that integrative community development programs should be reviewed for better services.
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Adamek, M. E., Chane, S., & Kotecho, M. (2020). Family and kin care of elders in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Zelalem, A., Kotecho, M., & Adamek, M. E. (2020). “The ugly face of old age:” Elders’ unmet expectations for care and support in rural Ethiopia . International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 92(2), 215-239. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415020911900
As migration, urbanization, and aging accelerate in developing nations, traditional family supports for elders are diminishing. With these trends in mind, hermeneutic phenomenology was used to examine the experiences of 10 rural Ethiopian elders of age 70 and older. Narrative data from in-depth interviews revealed three prominent themes: the “good old days,” drained happiness, worry and pessimism. Elders felt devalued by their children, grandchildren, and youth in general. Compared to how they treated their own parents, elders believed that their children’s sense of filial obligation was weak and unreliable. Interactions were described as undermining, embarrassing, and abusive. Elders were pessimistic about the prospect of reliable caregivers, even expressing a wish to die before they become dependent on others for care. Despite such challenges, participants viewed aging as a privilege. New cooperative models of community-based care are needed to ensure that elders in developing nations can expect adequate care throughout their lives.
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Kindanie, S., Adamek, M. E., & Zena, S. B. (2019). The dimensions and determinants of social support among postpartum women in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia . Ethiopian Journal of Health Development , 1-19. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.21203/rs.2.16640/v1
Background: The postpartum period, known as Aras bét in Amharic, is characterized by a physiological and psychosocial event but has been the most neglected aspect of Ethiopian health care relating to childbirth.
Objective: This study examined the dimensions and determinants of postpartum support in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia.
Method: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed. Using the Postpartum Support Questionnaire (PSQ), quantitative data were collected from 178 randomly selected mothers who had attended at least one postnatal care visit. The PSQ has four subscales: material, information, emotional, and appraisal support.
Results: Postpartum women reported moderate levels of support (M= 148.6; SD=46.54). With regard to the subscales, information support had the highest average (46.42+15.14) and Appraisal support had the lowest (23.64+7.61). Independent T-test, one-way ANOVA, and binary logistic regression analyses showed that access to different forms of social support varied according to mothers’ socio-demographic context..
Recommendation and Conclusion: This study differentiated the dimensions and determinants of postpartum support. The study offers implications for social and health service providers and future researchers to consider the impact of social support during the continuum of care for pregnancy. -
Hong, M., Yi, E. H., Johnson, K., & Adamek, M. E. (2018). Facilitators and barriers for Advance Care Planning among ethnic minorities in the U.S.: A systematic review. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 20(5), 1277-1287. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1007/s10903-017-0670-9
Growing evidence suggests a low engagement in advance care planning (ACP) among ethnic minorities in the U.S. The purpose of this study was to synthesize findings from prior research about ACP among ethnic minorities. An extensive literature search was conducted using multiple electronic databases. After applying inclusion criteria, 26 studies were included. Four categories of facilitators and barriers to ACP were identified: (1) Socio-demographic factors, (2) health status, literacy and experiences, (3) cultural values, and (4) spirituality. Socio-demographic factors showed inconsistent findings regarding their association with ACP engagement. Worse health status and knowledge about ACP are common facilitators across ethnic minority groups, whereas mistrust toward the health care system was a barrier only for Blacks. Collectivistic cultural values influenced ACP engagement among Latinos and Asian Americans; however, spirituality/religion played an important role among Blacks. The implications for culturally competent approaches to promote ACP and future research directions are discussed.
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Hong, M., Hong, S., Adamek, M. E., & Kim, M. H. (2018). Death attitudes among middle-aged Koreans: Role of end-of-life care planning and death experiences. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 86(1), 51-68. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1177/0091415016689473
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Chane, S., & Adamek, M. E. (2017). Giving voice to at-risk elders in a developing nation: Collecting phenomenological narratives. https://doi.org/doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781526423542
A dissertation study was conducted in 2013 and 2014 in Ethiopia with 15 older adults (9 women and 6 men) who had experienced abuse and neglect in non-institutional settings using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The first author was the primary researcher and the second author was the dissertation advisor. The study participants were residents of Dangila Town Administration which is found in the Awi Administrative Zone of the Amhara National Regional State in Ethiopia. Dangila is 480 km northwest of Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. This paper highlights the research-based experiences of the primary researcher, focusing on the steps followed in carrying out the study including conducting preliminary fieldwork, selecting participants, collecting data, and following ethical procedures. Our hope is that this case study may contribute to the body of knowledge related to qualitative methodological issues, and give insight to researchers to enhance the study of sensitive issues such as abuse and neglect.
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Asrese, K., & Adamek, M. E. (2017). Women’s social networks and use of facility delivery services for uncomplicated births in North West Ethiopia: A community-based case-control study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 17, 441-449. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1626-8
Abstract Background High maternal mortality has remained an unmet public health challenge in the developing world. Maternal mortality in Ethiopia is among the highest in the world. Since most maternal deaths occur during labor, delivery, and the immediate postpartum period, facility delivery with skilled birth attendants is recommended to reduce maternal mortality. Nonetheless, the majority of women in Ethiopia give birth at home. Individual attributes and availability and accessibility of services deter service utilization. The role of social networks that may facilitate or constrain service use is not well studied. Methods Community-based case-control study was conducted between February and March 2014 in Jabi Tehinan District, North West Ethiopia. Retrospective data were collected from 134 women who had uncomplicated births at health facilities and 140 women who had uncomplicated births at home within a year preceding the survey. Interviews were held with eight women who had uncomplicated births at health facilities and 11 who had uncomplicated births at home. The quantitative data were entered and analyzed using SPSS for Windows versions 16.0 and hierarchical logistic regression model was used for analysis. The qualitative data were transcribed verbatim and data were used to substantiate the quantitative data. Results The results indicated that social network variables were significantly associated with the use of health facilities for delivery. Taking social networks into account improved the explanation of facility use for delivery services over women’s individual attributes. Women embedded within homogeneous network members (Adjusted OR 2.53; 95% CI: 1.26–5.06) and embedded within high SBA endorsement networks (Adjusted OR 7.97; 95% CI: 4.07–12.16) were more likely to deliver at health facilities than their counterparts. Women living in urban areas (Adjusted OR 3.32; 95% CI: 1.37–8.05) and had better knowledge of obstetric complications (Adjusted OR 3.01; 95% CI: 1.46–6.18) were more likely to deliver at health facilities. Conclusion Social networks facilitate SBA utilization by serving as a reference for the behavior to deliver at health facilities. These findings inform health professionals and other stakeholders regarding the importance of considering women’s social networks in designing intervention to increase the proportion of women who deliver at health facilities.
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Chen, H., & Adamek, M. E. (2017). Civic engagement of older adults in mainland China: Past, present, and future. Nternational Journal of Aging & Human Development, 85(2), 204-226. https://doi.org/doi: abs/10.1177/0091415016685326
Due to great challenges resulting from China’s rapid population aging, Chinese elders are mobilized to address problems caused by this demographic trend through civic engagement. Based on an integrative review of policy, research, and practice, this paper reveals that today’s Chinese elders have a higher level and wider scope of civic engagement than previous cohorts. A set of factors contributing to such improvement are further identified, including the reform of the national economy, transformation of governmental functions, and the use of effective strategies applied to concrete programs. However, several constraints limiting Chinese elders’ equal, active engagement in civic life remain, including the social stratification of older adults, preferential selection of participants due to the nation’s socio-economic development strategy, and family care work competing with other types of civic activities. Finally, future directions for policy, research, and practice are proposed in order to increase Chinese elders’ civic engagement.
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Kotecho, M., & Adamek, M. E. (2017). Gender differences in quality of life of urban elders in Ethiopia. Innovation in Aging, 1, 879-880. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.3159
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Johnson, K., Hong, M., Inoue, M., Adamek, M. E., & , . (2016). Social work should be more proactive in addressing the need to plan for end-of-life . Health & Social Work, 41(4), 271-274. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1093/hsw/hlw021
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Atnafu, A., & Adamek, M. E. (2016). The return migration experiences of women trafficked to Bahrain: “For richer or poorer, let me be on the hands of my people.” . African and Black Diaspora: An International Journal, 9(2), 243-256. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1080/17528631.2015.1083176
This study draws upon the return experiences of Ethiopian women trafficked to the Middle East. Understanding these experiences is critical to informing the design of effective government policy to mitigate obstacles to return and reintegration. Action research was used to establish an inquiry group of women who were trafficked to Bahrain with the goal of producing a viable vision for successful reintegration. Despite initial high hopes, the returnees did not see migration as producing positive returns. All five participants agreed that their experiences in the destination were devastating and thus they were relieved to have returned to their home country. Nonetheless, reintegration was a difficult process for them. In addition to not accumulating enough savings to enable them to reintegrate economically, they each faced misunderstandings and impractical expectations from their families and community. The women suggested that adequate protection from law enforcement, facilitation of income-generating activities, and improved access to rehabilitation and medical services are important elements of successful return and reintegration. Effective return and reintegration policy is needed to ensure that trafficked returnees can become stable and productive citizens in their home country.
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Adamek, M. E., & Atnafu, A. (2016). “No place like home:” Experiences of an Ethiopian migrant in the host country and as a returnee to the homeland. African and Black Diaspora: An International Journal, 9(2), 290-301. https://doi.org/doi: /10.1080/17528631.2015.1083175
Using an in-depth interview with an Ethiopian returnee who lived abroad for 17 years, this study examined both integration and re-integration experiences. For this returnee, the experience of migration was psychologically costly. Challenges in the host country included acquiring a resident permit, overcoming language barriers, and contending with oppression and marginalization. Being treated unequally was a major push factor for his return to Ethiopia. Despite his relief upon re-entering his home country, he faced challenges which made reintegration difficult, including the inefficiency of government offices, lack of a work ethic, time mismanagement, and the unsystematic processes in a developing country. To facilitate integration and re-integration processes, more effective policy responses of both the host and home countries are needed. Developing countries should not miss the opportunity to capitalize on the potential contributions of returnees who are committed to bringing about positive change in their homeland.
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Adamek, M. E. (2015). Building scholarly writers: Student perspectives on peer review in a doctoral writing seminar . Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 35(1/2), 213-225. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1080/08841233.2014.995333
Peer review is used as a primary pedagogical tool in a scholarly writing course for social work doctoral students. To gauge student response to and learning as a result of peer review, the instructor used narrative analysis to organize student comments about peer review into themes. Themes identified included initial trepidation, “no pain, no gain,” and writing as relationship. Students transitioned from cautious reluctance about peer review to embracing it as a necessary part of the writing process. As a profession that values collaboration, Social Work can encourage peer support to enhance student writing and scholarly productivity.
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Chane, S., & Adamek, M. E. (2015). Factors contributing to elder abuse in Ethiopia. Journal of Adult Protection, 17(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1108/JAP-07-2014-0026
Purpose. The purpose of this study was to increase understanding of elder abuse in Ethiopia. Research Design. A phenomenological study was conducted based on the lived experiences of 15 elders (9 women, 6 men) in Ethiopia who experienced domestic abuse. Data were collected using unstructured interviews and were analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. The results described here focused on Ethiopian elders’ perceptions of factors contributing to abuse. Findings. Abject poverty was an underlying current in the factors identified as contributing to abuse: conflicts of interest, health conditions, mutual dependency, living arrangements, powerlessness, and drunkenness. One elder stated, “Life is meaningless without food and without a caregiver. I am ready to welcome death.” Implications. Documentation of elder abuse in Ethiopia is needed to bring recognition of abuse as a problem deserving public attention and response. Given the influence of poverty-related factors on the occurrence of elder abuse, policy initiatives are needed to enhance the financial well-being of older adults in Ethiopia. Originality/Value. Since elder abuse is generally not viewed as a societal problem in Ethiopia, there have been very few studies documenting its existence.
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Chane, S., & Adamek, M. E. (2015). “Death is better than misery:” Elders’ accounts of abuse and neglect in Ethiopia. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 82, 54-78. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1177/0091415015624226
As the proportion of elders in developing nations increases and the ability of families to meet their needs is stretched thin, the risk of elder abuse will grow. This study examined the types and nature of abuse and neglect from the perspective of elders in Ethiopia who experienced abuse in non-institutional settings. A qualitative design guided by hermeneutic phenomenology was used to explore the lived experiences of abuse and neglect of 15 Ethiopian elders. Nine women and six men ranging in age from 64 to 93 were interviewed. Most were victims of multiple forms of abuse, especially financial exploitation, emotional abuse, and neglect. Economic vulnerability was a clear underlying factor contributing to elders’ risk for encountering abuse. Effective prevention efforts must address the societal level factors that ultimately contribute to elder abuse while also holding individuals responsible for their harmful behaviors against elders.
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Teka, A., & Adamek, M. E. (2014). “We prefer greeting rather than eating:” Life in an elder care center in Ethiopia. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 29(4), 389-404. https://doi.org/ doi: 10.1007/s10823-014-9244-7
In Ethiopia where family care is a centuries-long tradition, living in an elder care institution invariably brings social devaluation. Accordingly, this study explored the psychosocial needs of older adults in a residential elder care center in Ethiopia from the perspective of both staff and residents. Three focus group discussions of 24 residents and interviews with 5 staff persons revealed that elders were living a subsistence lifestyle, eating the same meal every day, mostly cutoff from the surrounding community, and lacking basic amenities. Despite the absence of basic amenities, residents yearned even more so for meaningful social interaction. Psychosocial support was both undervalued and underutilized by staff members, and thus, residents’ psychosocial well-being appeared to be at risk. The addition of social workers in institutional care in Ethiopia may help to promote improved living standards. Advocacy is needed on behalf of residents to establish and implement guidelines on care and support of residents in old age homes. As elders in developing countries are living longer--a growing number with disabilities--at the same time that informal supports are waning, the need for developing long term care policies is becoming critical.
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Takele, A., Kotecho, M. G., & Adamek, M. E. “Hunger would kill us instead of COVID-19:" Elders’ Response to the Pandemic in Debre Markos Town, Ethiopia. Health & Social Care in the Community. Published. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13774
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unpredictable challenges globally. Older adults are among the population groups most vulnerable to COVID-19. Poor urban elders in Ethiopia struggle to meet their basic needs due to waning traditional familial norms of providing care for elders as a result of urbanization, poverty, and migration. To uncover the sources of support for vulnerable elders during the COVID-19 lockdown in Debre Markos Town, Ethiopia, a qualitative case study design was utilized. Data were collected from 27 elders age 60 and above via in-depth interviews conducted from March-May 2020. To determine the nature of support provided for destitute elders, data were also gathered from two local officials. Narrative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Four prominent themes were identified: “Hunger would kill us instead of COVID-19,” “Feeling hopeless and begging to die,” “We prefer social support rather than food donations” and “Gratitude.” Elders considered the practice of social distancing to fight COVID-19 as an unwelcome luxury for people whose livelihood depends on begging and petty trade. The physical distancing program put elders in isolation, diminishing their capacity to maintain their livelihood. Due to the increasing disrespectful attitudes towards aged people, elders felt even less valued than usual. Interactions were described as undermining, embarrassing, and abusive. A special emergency fund and organized social supports are needed to minimize the effect of the pandemic on vulnerable groups like destitute elders in Ethiopia. Moreover, an institutional welfare response is needed to ensure elders can live a dignified life.
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Adamek, M. E., Amare, S., & Minaye, A. Challenges facing Yemen refugee women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Journal of Social Sciences, 6(3), 172-191. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52326/jss.utm.2023.6(3).14
Forced migration is associated with several challenges. The challenges that refugee women faced in their host countries were numerous. There has been a gender bias in Ethiopian literature on refugees. Refugees are homogenized in the existing studies. The gender differences among refugees have an impact on the challenges of forced migration that they encounter and how they handle them. Moreover, no study has been done on the adaptation challenges faced by Yemeni refugee women in Addis Ababa. This study’s main objective was to examine the challenges that Yemeni refugee women faced in Addis Ababa. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was employed to achieve that objective. Thirteen Yemeni refugee women were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide to understand their experiences. Purposive sampling was used to choose study participants. The data was analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis procedures. The study’s findings revealed that refugee women encountered several challenges that were detrimental to their well-being, including language difficulties, limited income and job opportunities, unrecognized identity papers and price increases, and housing problems. Furthermore, refugee women faced social isolation and sexual harassment. The study concluded that the challenges that Yemeni refugee women faced in Addis Ababa had an enormous effect on their well-being, which demands immediate intervention.
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Gebeyaw, G., Kotecho, M. G., & Adamek, M. E. “No Matter How Harsh, We Are Alive:” Coping Strategies of Rural-Urban Migrant Homeless Older People in Ethiopia. Health & Social Care in the Community. Published. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13848
The prevalence of homelessness among older adults in Ethiopia is growing. While prior studies examined the push factors and challenges of homeless elders, little is known about how older people cope with homelessness in a context of limited aging services. This study explored the coping strategies of homeless older people in Kobo Town, Ethiopia. Purposive sampling was used to identify 10 homeless older people and four key informants. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data collected through in-depth interviews. To cope with the challenges faced on the street, homeless older people used various strategies including begging, holy water, drying leftover food, using river water for hygiene and sanitation, sleeping in church compounds, and creating their own social networks. Despite their best efforts, elders’ coping strategies could not overcome the barriers imposed by their resource-poor environment. The findings call attention to the urgent need for a national response to elders’ unmet needs including an income support program and multifaceted support services for older adults in Ethiopia.
Presentations
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Adamek, M. E., & Leibowitz, G. (2023). Welcoming and supporting international students in social work PhD programs: Enriching global scholars and being enriched. GADE, Arlington, TX.
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Adamek, M. E., Luca-Sugawara, C., & Abebe, A. (2023). Meet the Fulbright Scholars of IUSSW. IUSSW.
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Adamek, M. E., Liz, L., Regan, J., & Hodge, D. (2023). Applying for a Faculty Fulbright Scholarship: Exploring the possibilities. CSWE, Atlanta, GA.
Part of a panel of Fulbright recipients sharing our experiences with other Social Work educators interested in applying for a Fulbright.
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Adamek, M. E., & Kotecho, M. (2023). Factors contributing to growing depression among elders in Sub-Saharan Africa. GSA, Tampa, FL.
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Ashirifi, G., Teshome, A., Adamek, M. E., & Adeniji, D. (2023). Defining old age in Sub-Saharan Africa: The perspective of African scholars and professionals. GSA, Tampa, FL.
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Dolapo, A., Teshome, A., Ashirifi, G., & Adamek, M. E. (2023). Ageism in Sub-Saharan Africa: Professionals’ perspectives. GSA, Tampa.
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Lightfoot, L., Quam, J., & Adamek, M. E. (2020). An overview of the Fulbright Scholars Program for Social Work faculty. CSWE, , United States.
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Karikari, G., Lohrmann, D. K., Huber, L., Adamek, M. E., & Omodior, O. (2020). Attitudes of graduating medical and nursing students toward older persons in Ghana. GSA, , United States.
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Karikari, G., Lohrmann, D. K., Huber, L., Adamek, M. E., & Omodior, O. (2020). Predicting medical & nursing students intention towards geriatric specialization in Ghana. APHA, , United States.
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Yi, G., & Adamek, M. E. (2020). Perspectives of Alzheimers caregivers on the Affordable Care Act: A thematic analysis of social media discussions. America Society on Aging, Atlanta, GA United States.
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Adamek, M. E. (2020). Winning strategies of productive academic writers: An editor’s view. Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia.
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Slater, G. Y., & Adamek, M. E. (2020). Replication study of elder suicide and elder gun suicide models using 2010 population data. SSWR, Washington, DC United States.
This replication study examined the social, economic, violence, political, and gun access predictors of suicide and gun suicide using population-based data collected 10 years after the first study. SEM models explained 80% of the variance in state suicide and gun suicide rates and were an excellent fit for the data.
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Yi, G., & Adamek, M. E. (2019). The impact of internet use on mental health, social support, and care burden of informal caregivers. Gerontological Society of America, Austin, TX United States.
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Zelalem, A., Kotecho, M. G., & Adamek, M. E. (2019). Aging in rural Ethiopia: Impact on filial responsibility and intergenerational solidarity. Gerontological Society of America, Austin, TX United States.
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Adamek, M. E. (2019). Writing for publication: Insights from a journal editor. College of Social Sciences and Humanities , Gondar, Ethiopia.
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Chane, S., & Adamek, M. E. (2019). Giving voice to at-risk elders in a developing nation: Collecting phenomenological narratives. Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, a dissertation study was conducted in 2013 and 2014 in Ethiopia with 15 older adults (9 women and 6 men) who had experienced abuse and neglect in noninstitutional settings. The first author was the primary researcher and the second author was the dissertation advisor. The study participants were residents of Dangila Town Administration, which is found in the Awi Administrative Zone of the Amhara National Regional State in Ethiopia, 480 km northwest of Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. This paper highlights the research-based experiences of the primary researcher, focusing on the steps followed in carrying out the study including conducting preliminary fieldwork, selecting participants, collecting data, and following ethical procedures. Through this case study, we aim to contribute to the body of knowledge related to qualitative methodological issues, and give insight to researchers to enhance the study of sensitive issues such as abuse and neglect as well as to offer suggestions for working with study populations in developing countries.
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Ali, S., & Adamek, M. E. (2019). Awramba community-based care for elders lacking family support in Ethiopia. Gerontological Society of America, Austin, TX United States.
In rural Ethiopia, land fragmentation, poverty, rural-urban migration, and the expansion of market forces are negatively impacting family support for older persons. This study explored an innovative community-based support system that uses its own wealth redistribution mechanism to support congregate residential care for older persons. The Awramba Community in northwest Ethiopia has different social norms and values that make it unique from surrounding communities. To explore this new approach to meeting the needs of rural elders, primary data were obtained from in-depth interviews with 8 elders who reside in the older adult center, 3 focus group discussions, and personal observations. In addition, key informant interviews were conducted with a full-time caregiver, two community leaders, and members of the Older Persons’ Support Committee. Interviews explored the types of services provided to older persons, the interactions of older residents within the community, and the benefits of congregate living. Community members (N=403) must agree to 4 guiding principles relating to gender equality, respecting the rights of children, discouraging dishonesty, lying and stealing, and helping the less fortunate, ill and older persons. The Older Person’s Support Committee is responsible for coordinating the provision of care for the older persons who live in the congregate center. Residing in a common residential home benefited the elders in multiple ways, including opportunities for socialization with peers and access to a full-time caregiver. As traditional family support wanes and the population of elders increases in developing nations, such alternative support strategies are critically needed.
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Yi, G., & Adamek, M. E. (2018). Perceptions and experiences of Alzheimer’s caregivers on the Affordable Care Act and federal healthcare programs: Thematic analysis using online discussion forums. NASW, Washington, DC.
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Balaswamy, S., & Adamek, M. E. (2017). Institutional LTC for elders in Asia and Africa: Ownership, resident characteristics, and staffing. Gerontological Society of America, San Francisco, CA.
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Johnson, K., Hong, M., Stoeckel, K., Newsham, T., & Adamek, M. E. (2017). Addressing life’s end with students. Association for Gerontology in Higher Education, Miami, FL.
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Gebremariam, M., & Adamek, M. E. (2017). Gender differences in quality of life of urban elders in Ethiopia. Gerontological Society of America, San Francisco, CA.
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Hong, M., Yi, E. H., Johnson, K., & Adamek, M. E. (2017). Facilitators and barriers for Advance Care Planning for ethnic minorities: A systematic review. Gerontological Society of America, San Francisco, CA.
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Adamek, M. E., & Balaswamy, S. (2016). Long-term care for elders in developing countries in Asia and Africa: A systematic review. Gerontological Society of America, New Orleans, LA.
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Chen, H., & Adamek, M. E. (2015). Civic engagement as a lifelong choice for Chinese elders: A political economy perspective. GSA, Orlando, FL.
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Adamek, M. E., & Gebremariam, M. (2015). Quality of life of elders in Ethiopia: The challenge of aging in a developing nation. GSA, Orlando, FL.
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Chane, S., & Adamek, M. E. (2015). “You ate food but you did nothing:” A phenomenological study of elder abuse and neglect in Ethiopia. GSA, Orlando, FL.
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Chane, S., & Adamek, M. E. (2015). Perspectives of Ethiopian elders on factors contributing to elder abuse: A phenomenological inquiry. Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
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Teka, A., & Adamek, M. E. (2014). “We prefer eating rather than greeting:” Life in an elder care institution in Ethiopia. GSA, Washington, DC.
Institutional Services
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Committee Member
2018 - International and Global Engagement Committee -
Committee Member
2003 - Dean's Advisory Council -
Committee Member
2003 - Fellowship CommitteeReview nominations for the University Fellowship, IU Presidents' Diversity Fellowship, and the Queener Award. Contribute to modifications to the review process and evaluation documents. -
Committee Member
2001 - Graduate Affairs Committee -
Committee Chair
2000 - Advances in Social Work Editorial Board -
Committee Member
1997 - Faculty Senate -
Committee Member
1997 - PhD Committee -
Committee Member
IUPUI Graduate Office Strategic Planning Committee -
Committee Member
2015 - IUSSW Faculty Search Committee -
Committee Chair
2020 - IUSSW P&T Committee -
Committee Member
2022 - Budgetary Affairs Committee -
Committee Member
2020 - IUPUI Campus P&T Committee -
Committee Chair
2024 - NTT Promotion WorkgroupFacilitate a committee of 10 members as we seek to enhance supports and resources for NTT faculty seeking promotion (Lecturers and Clinical Faculty). -
Committee Chair
2023 - Director's CommitteeProvide oversight of the Director's Committee, set monthly agendas, invite guest speakers, resolve issues that Directors bring to light, facilitate monthly meetings. -
Committee Member
2023 - Executive Leadership Committee -
Other
2023 - New Chairs Training -
Committee Member
2023 - Transition CommitteeContribute to the School's transition from IUPUI to IUI. -
Committee Member
2023 - Digital Equity CommitteeContribute to policies and procedures for IUSSW in relation to accessibility of our digital content on all platforms.
Memberships
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Indiana Fulbright Association
2018 to Present -
Council on Social Work Education
2002 to Present -
Group for the Advancement of Doctoral Education
2001 to Present -
Society for Social Work and Research
2000 to Present -
Gerontological Society of America
1984 to Present
Professional Services
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Committee Member
2018 to 2019 - GADE Conference Planning CommitteeAssist with planning the program and details of the 2019 GADE Annual Conference
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Board of Directors
2016 to 2018 - Group for the Advancement of Doctoral Education -
Reviewer, Journal Article
2016 to 2018 - Journal of Planning Education and ResearchReview manuscripts submitted for publication
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Editor, Journal Editor
2015 to 2023 - Advances in Social WorkOversee the publication of two (now 3) issues per year. Make publication decisions on dozens of manuscripts annually.
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Reviewer, Conference Paper
2015 to 2018 - Gerontological Society of America Annual Meetingreview abstracts submitted for the annual GSA conference
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Reviewer, Journal Article
2010 to Present - Journal of Community Practice -
Committee Member
2001 to Present - Group for the Advancement of Doctoral Education -
Editorial Review Board Member
1999 to Present - Advances in Social WorkReview manuscripts for publication. Advise editorial staff on publication policies and procedures.
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Reviewer, Journal Article
1999 to Present - Psychiatric ServicesReview manuscripts submitted for publication
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Reviewer, Journal Article
to 2018 - Journal of Multidisciplinary Health Care -
Reviewer, Ad Hoc Reviewer
to 2017 - 2017-2018 Fulbright Student ProgramReview student nominations for the Binational Fulbright Commission in Egypt
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Reviewer, Journal Article
to 2017 - Journal of Social Work Education -
Reviewer, Journal Article
to 2017 - Migration StudiesReviewed a manuscript submitted for publication
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Reviewer, Ad Hoc Reviewer
to 2017 - The 21st IAGG World Congress of Gerontology and Geriatrics,
Public Services
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Volunteer
2023 to 2023 - Hope WorldwideVolunteered for 2 weeks at Ketechene Orphanage for Girls in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Trainings
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NIA Postdoctoral Fellowship in Applied Aging Research
1989 to 1990 - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States